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Abstract: In this paper, the potential of oil palm frond (OPF) juice as an alternative and renewable carbon source to replace the function of glucose to produce volatile compounds by Ceratocystis fimbriata will be reported. The OPF juice was extracted using simple physical separation method. The growths of fungi were monitored by using cell dry weight (CDW) method whereby the characterization of sugar composition and consumption of the OPF juice by Ceratocystis fimbriata were carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The volatile organic compounds were separated and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with solid phase micro extraction (SPME). On the fourth day, the biomass produced by Ceratocystis fimbriata increased significantly and produced the highest number of products comprising of 3 alcohols, 2 esters, 1 aldehyde, 1 fatty acid, 1 phenol and 1 ketone. Based on the GC-MS analysis, several volatile compounds namely aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, and esters could be produced from OPF juice supplemented with a mineral salt medium. This result shows the potential usage of OPF juice as substrates for the growth and production of volatile organic compounds by Ceratocystis fimbriata.

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Abstract: Agarwood has been used for its fragrance and medicinal properties in Asian culture for centuries. In recent years, agarwood gains its popularity in the west due to its usage in perfume formulation. Unfortunately, the supply does not meet the augmentation market demand. This is mostly because of depleting nature agarwood reservoir and lack of induction technique that can produce agarwood consistently in the plantation. In this study, we look into a case where artificial inducing technique successfully produced high quality agarwood. To assure its quality, agarwood chip was analysed by Gas Chromatography for its chemical profiles. Discovered compounds were identified as sesquiterpene group which also had been characterized as major agarwood compound listed on previous studies. Few compounds that are detected such as δ-cadinene (0.20%), jinkoheremol (22.09%), epi-α-cadinol (4.74%), agarospirol (3.75%) and others. Soil condition that contributes into this agarwood formation; soil analysis on physical properties, chemical properties and nutrients content of the soil have been analyzed. Based on the findings, soil condition is an important factor to successfully induced high quality agarwood.

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Abstract: Agarwood or ‘gaharu’ is the resin-impregnated wood of the tree genus Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae). In Malaysia, the main agarwood producer is A. malaccensis. Oil extracted from agarwood is highly priced. One of the challenges in commercializing agarwood is the lack of universal standard to classify the aromatic oils. Our present knowledge places the main aromatic compounds of agarwood oil in the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon region. In this work, we extracted agarwood oils using hydrodistillation method in the laboratory, and compared with a commercial scale extraction in the factory. We analyzed the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon region using several highly sophisticated detection systems. Using GC-FID, 12 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identified, while another eight were determined using GC-MS. Five compounds were identified in both analytical techniques: aromadendrene, α-bulnesene, α-guaiene, γ-gurjunene and β-maaliene.

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Preface: “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand” -Neil Armstrong- The aim of this writing is to unveil the mask of Oud. The discovery of Oud itself remained a mystery; some claimed that Oud was first used during the first century of Islamic civilization. Despite Oud was being sought after for religious purposes during those years, the known value of Oud is still to be explored. This book provides comprehensive inputs on the benefits of Oud in three main components; beauty and personal care, healing, and by-products, as shown below; Hence this book aims at bringing the readers to the numerous possibilities of Oud. …and the journey has just begun!

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AGJ2019 – King of scents – agarwood

Abstract: Prized for its use in perfumery, agarwood poses a unique set of sourcing challenges and grading issues. In this article, we will examine the ingredients chemical characteristic, how it is sourced and what is being done to combat adulteration.

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